1. Properties of Light
   • Wave Properties
   • The Electromagnetic Spectrum
   • Refraction and Diffraction
   • Dispersion in Wavelength
   • Intensity: the Inverse Square Law
   • The Doppler Effect
2. The Interaction of Light and Matter
   • Atoms and Molecules
   • The Bohr Model
   • Ionization and Plasmas
   • Radiation Laws
   • Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectra
   • The Zeeman Effect
   • Molecular Spectra
   • Atmospheric Windows
3. Telescopes and Detectors
   • Limitations of the Human Eye
   • Refracting Telescopes
   • Reflecting Telescopes
   • Radio Telescopes
   • Observations at other Wavelengths
4. The Sun, a Nearby Star
   • Basic Solar Properties
   • The Solar Composition
   • The Interior of the Sun
   • The Solar Spectrum
   • The Photosphere of the Sun
   • Granulation of the Photosphere
   • The Chromosphere of the Sun
   • The Solar Corona
   • Sunspots
   • The Sunspot Cycle
   • The Magnetic Field of the Sun
   • Prominences and Plages
   • Solar Flares
   • The Solar Wind
5. Energy Production in Stars
   • Mass and Energy
   • The Curve of Binding Energy
   • Nuclear Reactions
   • Temperature and Pressure in Stars
   • The Proton-Proton Chain
   • The CNO Cycle
   • The Competition between PP and CNO Cycles
   • The Triple Alpha Process
   • Advanced Burning Stages
   • Energy Transport in Stars
   • The Solar Neutrino Problem
6. Ordinary Stars
   • Stellar Magnitudes
   • Color Indices and Surface Temperature
   • The Harvard Spectral Sequence
   • Spectral Sequence as a Temperature Sequence
7. Stellar Distances
   • The Parallax Method
   • Distance Units
   • Distances to Stars
8. Stellar Motion
   • Proper Motion
   • Space Velocities
   • Motion of the Sun
   • Secular and Statistical Parallax
9. Multiple Star Systems
   • Visual Binaries
   • Astrometric Binaries
   • Spectroscopic Binaries
   • Eclipsing Binaries
   • The Algol System
   • Measuring Diameters
   • Measuring Masses
   • The Mass-Luminosity Relation
   • Accreting Binaries
10. Star Clusters (Not Complete)
    • Clusters and Groupings (Not Complete)
    • Open Clusters (Not Complete)
    • Globular Clusters (Not Complete)
11. The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (Not Complete)
12. Recipe for Stars (Not Complete)
13. Protostars (Not Complete)
14. Life on the Main Sequence (Not Complete)
15. Variable Stars (Not Complete)
16. The Death of Stars like the Sun (Not Complete)
17. Ejection of the Envelope (Not Complete)
18. White Dwarfs and Novae (Not Complete)
19. Supernovae (Not Complete)
    • Supernova Light Curves (Not Complete)
    • Type I Supernovae (Not Complete)
    • Type II Supernovae (Not Complete)
    • Supernovae in other Galaxies (Not Complete)
    • Supernova 1987A (Not Complete)
    • The Strange Case of Eta Carinae (Not Complete)
    • Supernova Remnants (Not Complete)
    • Element Production in Supernova Events (Not Complete)
20. Neutron Stars (Not Complete)
21. Pulsars (Not Complete)
22. Black Holes (Not Complete)
23. The Milky Way Galaxy
    • The Nature of the Galaxy
    • Components of the Milky Way
    • The Interstellar Medium
    • Stellar Populations (Not Complete)
    • Rotation of the Galaxy (Not Complete)
    • The Spiral Arms (Not Complete)
    • Formation of the Spiral Arms (Not Complete)
    • The Nucleus of the Galaxy (Not Complete)
24. The Galaxies
    • The Hubble Classification
    • Spiral Galaxies
    • Elliptical Galaxies
    • Irregular Galaxies
    • Interacting Galaxies
    • Gravitational Lensing
    • Formation of Galaxies
    • Evolution of Galaxies
25. Active Galaxies
    • Seyfert Galaxies
    • Radio Galaxies
    • BL Lac Objects
    • Quasars
    • Supermassive Black Holes
    • Determining Masses in Galactic Centers
    • Model for Active Galactic Nuclei
26. Groups, Clusters, and Superclusters of Galaxies
    • Groups of Galaxies
    • The Local Group
    • Clusters of Galaxies
    • The Virgo and Coma Rich Clusters
    • The Mass Contained in Clusters
    • Superclusters of Galaxies
    • The Great Attractor
    • Redshift Surveys: The Universe in Three Dimensions
    • Soap Bubbles and Voids
    • Great Walls
    • Summary of Distance Scales
27. Cosmology
    • Issues in Cosmology
    • Cosmic Distance Scales
    • Expansion of the Universe
    • The Hubble Law
    • The Age of the Universe
    • Looking Back in Time
    • The Fundamental Forces
    • Gravitation and the General Theory of Relativity
    • The Principle of Equivalence
    • The Geometry of the Universe
    • The Cosmological Principle
    • Solutions of the Einstein Equations
    • The Hot Big Bang
    • The Cosmic Background Radiation
    • Matter in the Universe
    • Dark Matter
    • A Mystery: Gamma-Ray Bursts
    • Problems with the Big Bang
    • The Inflationary Universe
    • Growth of Large-Scale Structure
    • The Planck Era
28. Life in the Universe (Not Complete)

ASTRONOMY 161 LECTURES
ASTRONOMY 162 TUTORIAL QUIZ