Infrared radiation is basically radiant heat. Therefore, IR detected from satellites can be used to determine the temperature of objects. The following image shows a color-coded map constructed from a composite of satellite data and surface observations giving surface temperatures on the Earth (Ref).
Here is a link to the current temperature map (updated on a 6 hour cycle), and here is a movie (2MB MPEG---slow download) of the temperature varation over the past week.