Charged Black Holes

It is difficult to conceive of how a star-size or larger object could carry a net electrical charge because if any such object formed with positive and negative charges separated spatially from each other there would be strong forces that would act to recombine the charges. Thus, it is usually assumed that the black holes of interest in astronomy have zero charge, leaving only mass and angular momentum as distinguishing characteristics.

Properties of Black Holes

One might expect that anything as exotic as a black hole would be a very complicated thing. Surprisingly, black holes are in a certain sense some of the simplest things that we can think of, because they have a very limited set of distinguishing features. The black hole solutions to general relativity that are known in fact display only three characteristics to external observers: mass, electrical charge, and angular momentum.

This is remarkable. No matter what mass was originally collapsed to form a black hole--stars, planets, dust, or green cheese--the resulting black hole differs from another only in these three quantities: mass, charge, and angular momentum. As noted in the adjacent box, we usually assume that only mass and angular momentum are distinguishing characteristics for black holes that are likely to exist.