Science at Work: Elimination of Possibilities

The description in the left panel of how it was concluded that Cygnus X-1 is a black hole illustrates one way in which science works when one is on the frontiers of knowledge. We cannot be absolutely certain that Cygnus X-1 is a black hole because the evidence is indirect. But we can have high confidence that it is because a careful analysis of all other possibilities makes a black hole the most plausible explanation.