Distance Measuring Errors

Recall that the errors in the initial determination of the distance scale described in the left panel were associated with several systematic errors. First, it was not realized that there were two kinds of Cepheids with different period-luminosity relations. Second, in some cases RR Lyrae variables were confused with Cepheid variables. Third, the early analysis failed to account for the scattering of starlight by dust. Finally, in some of Hubble's original analysis, he mistakenly identified what we now know are bright clusters of stars and associated emission nebulae as single bright stars.