Summary of Galaxy Properties

The following table summarizes the properties of the three main types of galaxies in the Hubble classification scheme.

A Comparison of the Three Main Types of Galaxies
Type Mass
(Solar Units)
Diameter (kpc) Absolute Magnitude Gas, Dust, Star Formation?
Elliptical 107 - 1013 0.1 - 100 -8 to -23 Very little
Spiral 109 - 1012 5 - 100 -16 to -23 A lot
Irregular 108 - 1010 1 - 10 -13 to -20 Yes

Thus ellipticals comprise both the most massive and least massive galaxies, but bright spirals are as luminous as the brightest ellipticals. Generally, irregular galaxies are less massive and less bright than either of the other two categories. Ellipticals have neither spiral arms nor extensive star-forming regions. Irregulars often have star-forming regions (recall the bright clusters of new stars that we saw in Sextans A) but no clearly-defined spiral arms. Spiral galaxies have both star-forming regions and definite spiral arms.