Getting Here from There

Speaking in very broad and loose terms, after the light elements had been produced in the first three minutes, there are only about four key events leading to our present Universe. The first is the transition from radiation dominated to matter (and dark energy) dominated evolution. The second is the recombination transition that produced the first atoms and decoupled matter from light. The third is the beginning of structure formation in the new Universe. The fourth is the production of stars as a consequence of the structure formation, which then provides a mechanism for the Universe to produce all the heavier elements.