Degenerate Gases

The behavior of gases plays a central role in astronomy. Under "normal" conditions, gases obey approximately the Ideal Gas Law. For example, one property of ideal gases is that an increase in the temperature causes an increase in the pressure. Thus, a balloon expands if the air inside it is heated.

Under conditions of very high pressure, gases can behave in a quite different way. These gases are called degenerate gases and their properties are governed by the principles of quantum mechanics.

One very important property of degenerate gases is that the pressure is independent of the temperature. Thus, contrary to our usual experience, if we could heat a balloon of degenerate gas it would not expand. This has very large consequences for thermonuclear reactions, such as those that occur in a nova outburst.