Deuterium Bottleneck
One particularly sensitive test involves the abundance of deuterium.
Because deuterium has a nucleus that is very weakly bound compared with
most nuclei, it is very sensitive to the conditions in which it is formed
(as we have just seen): if
the temperatures are too high, deuterium breaks apart, and it can only be formed
when there are free neutrons to combine with protons. Detailed analysis of the
deuterium abundance gives very strong support to the hot big bang picture.