A Very General Argument
The general arguments of the left panel
can place only
an upper limit on the sizes of variable sources. It is quite possible that the
signals causing the variation travel at less than light speed in particular cases, so that the size of the energy-producing region is
less than the upper limit imposed by these arguments. But
this is a very powerful argument, because it depends only on a general principle (finite speed of light) and not
on the internal details of the source in question.